Onions

33 kinds of onions described and visualized

Onions, scientifically known as Allium cepa, are a widely cultivated species of bulbous plants prized for their pungent flavor and culinary versatility across the globe.

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Kinds of Onions

Origin Story

Onions trace their origins to Central Asia, where they were first domesticated thousands of years ago. From these early beginnings, onions spread through trade and cultivation to Europe, Asia, and beyond, becoming a staple crop in diverse agricultural societies.

Classification

Belonging to the family Amaryllidaceae and genus Allium, onions are classified as Allium cepa. This species includes numerous varieties and cultivars such as yellow, red, white, sweet, and pearl onions, each distinguished by bulb color, shape, and flavor profile. While related to garlic, leeks, and chives, onions form a distinct group within the genus.

Appearance or Form

Onions typically grow as a rounded bulb underground, encased in papery skin that varies in color from golden yellow and white to deep red and purple. Their size ranges from small pearl onions to large storage types. The bulbs have layered fleshy scales that store nutrients, while green hollow leaves emerge above ground during growth.

Behavior or Usage

Onions serve multiple roles in human cuisine and agriculture. They are consumed raw, cooked, pickled, or dried, providing a distinctive pungency that enhances dishes worldwide. Beyond flavor, onions act as natural preservatives and are cultivated for fresh markets, storage, and processing. Their sulfur compounds also contribute to health benefits and characteristic eye irritation when sliced.

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Australian Brown onion

Australian Brown onion

The Australian Brown onion is a widely cultivated variety of Allium cepa, prized in Australia for its brown skin, round bulb, and excellent storage qualities, making it a versatile staple in both commercial and culinary settings.

Yellow onion

Yellow onion

The yellow onion is the most widely cultivated and consumed onion type globally, distinguished by its brown to yellow papery skin and pungent white flesh, prized for its versatility and long shelf life.

Sweet onion

Sweet onion

Sweet onion is a distinctive class of Allium cepa known for its mild pungency and high sugar content, prized especially for raw consumption and dishes requiring a gentle, sweet flavor.

Vidalia onion

Vidalia onion

The Vidalia onion is a renowned sweet onion variety prized for its exceptionally mild flavor and low pungency, grown exclusively in a designated region of southeastern Georgia, USA.

Walla Walla onion

Walla Walla onion

The Walla Walla onion is a celebrated sweet onion variety known for its exceptionally mild flavor, large globe-shaped bulbs, and high sugar content, primarily grown in Washington State's Walla Walla Valley.

White onion

White onion

The white onion is a widely cultivated variety of Allium cepa, recognized for its crisp white flesh and sharp, pungent flavor that sets it apart from yellow and sweet onions.

Pickling onion

Pickling onion

Pickling onions are small, mild-flavored bulb onions cultivated specifically for preserving whole in vinegar or brine, prized for their tender texture and thin skins.

Red Baron onion

Red Baron onion

The Red Baron onion is a widely cultivated red onion variety known for its deep red skin, globe-shaped bulbs, and mild, slightly sweet flavor, prized both for fresh use and storage across the UK and Europe.

Boiling Onion

Boiling Onion

Boiling onions are small, globe-shaped onions typically 1 to 2 inches in diameter, valued for their use whole in soups, stews, and braised dishes, available in white, yellow, and occasionally red varieties.

Globe onion

Globe onion

The globe onion is the classic form of Allium cepa, recognized for its rounded, slightly flattened bulb and serving as the standard reference for most culinary and agricultural onion varieties worldwide.

Cipollini onion

Cipollini onion

The Cipollini onion is a small, flattened onion variety renowned for its pronounced sweetness and distinctive disc-like shape, widely cherished for roasting and caramelizing.

Texas Sweet onion

Texas Sweet onion

Texas Sweet onion is a group of Allium cepa cultivars known for their mild, sweet flavor and pale yellow skin, prized for fresh consumption and large bulb size.

Kelsae onion

Kelsae onion

The Kelsae onion is a distinguished exhibition variety of Allium cepa, prized for its exceptionally large globe-shaped bulbs and mild, sweet flavor.

Red Creole onion

Red Creole onion

The Red Creole onion is a short-day, red-skinned cultivar of Allium cepa known for its pungent flavor, firm flattened-globe bulbs, and adaptability to warm climates.

Creole onion

Creole onion

The Creole onion is a distinctive cultivar of Allium cepa adapted to warm climates, recognized for its red to reddish-brown skin, strong pungent flavor, and medium-sized, flattened-globe shaped bulbs.

Granex onion

Granex onion

The Granex onion is a sweet, short-day cultivar group of Allium cepa known for its flattened bulbs and mild, high-sugar flavor, serving as the genetic foundation for famous regional sweet onions like Vidalia and Maui.

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Cultural Significance

Onions hold a rich place in cultural traditions, symbolism, and folklore. Revered in ancient civilizations for their supposed healing powers, they appear in art and mythology as symbols of protection and eternity. Today, onions remain integral to culinary heritage globally, celebrated in festivals and regional specialties like Vidalia and Tropea onions.

Notable Facts

  • Onions belong to the same genus as garlic, leeks, and chives but are botanically distinct species.
  • Their pungency comes from sulfur-containing compounds that also trigger tears when cutting.
  • Varieties like sweet onions have lower pungency and higher sugar content, making them ideal for raw consumption.
  • Protected Geographical Indications (PGI) exist for regional onions such as Vidalia (USA) and Tropea (Italy).
  • Onions are among the oldest cultivated vegetables, with evidence of use dating back over 5,000 years.

Kinds of Onions

Explore the range of forms, textures, and traditions within this collection.

Sorted by popularity

An editorial-style hero shot of a Australian Brown onion from the taxonomy onions.

Australian Brown onion

The Australian Brown onion is a widely cultivated variety of Allium cepa, prized in Australia for its brown skin, round bulb, and excellent storage qualities, making it a versatile staple in both commercial and culinary settings.

An editorial-style hero shot of a Yellow onion from the taxonomy onions.

Yellow onion

The yellow onion is the most widely cultivated and consumed onion type globally, distinguished by its brown to yellow papery skin and pungent white flesh, prized for its versatility and long shelf life.

An editorial-style hero shot of a Sweet onion from the taxonomy onions.

Sweet onion

Sweet onion is a distinctive class of Allium cepa known for its mild pungency and high sugar content, prized especially for raw consumption and dishes requiring a gentle, sweet flavor.

An editorial-style hero shot of a Vidalia onion from the taxonomy onions.

Vidalia onion

The Vidalia onion is a renowned sweet onion variety prized for its exceptionally mild flavor and low pungency, grown exclusively in a designated region of southeastern Georgia, USA.

An editorial-style hero shot of a Walla Walla onion from the taxonomy onions.

Walla Walla onion

The Walla Walla onion is a celebrated sweet onion variety known for its exceptionally mild flavor, large globe-shaped bulbs, and high sugar content, primarily grown in Washington State's Walla Walla Valley.

An editorial-style hero shot of a White onion from the taxonomy onions.

White onion

The white onion is a widely cultivated variety of Allium cepa, recognized for its crisp white flesh and sharp, pungent flavor that sets it apart from yellow and sweet onions.

An editorial-style hero shot of a Pickling onion from the taxonomy onions.

Pickling onion

Pickling onions are small, mild-flavored bulb onions cultivated specifically for preserving whole in vinegar or brine, prized for their tender texture and thin skins.

An editorial-style hero shot of a Red Baron onion from the taxonomy onions.

Red Baron onion

The Red Baron onion is a widely cultivated red onion variety known for its deep red skin, globe-shaped bulbs, and mild, slightly sweet flavor, prized both for fresh use and storage across the UK and Europe.

An editorial-style hero shot of a Boiling onion from the taxonomy onions.

Boiling Onion

Boiling onions are small, globe-shaped onions typically 1 to 2 inches in diameter, valued for their use whole in soups, stews, and braised dishes, available in white, yellow, and occasionally red varieties.

An editorial-style hero shot of a Globe onion from the taxonomy onions.

Globe onion

The globe onion is the classic form of Allium cepa, recognized for its rounded, slightly flattened bulb and serving as the standard reference for most culinary and agricultural onion varieties worldwide.

An editorial-style hero shot of a Cipollini onion from the taxonomy onions.

Cipollini onion

The Cipollini onion is a small, flattened onion variety renowned for its pronounced sweetness and distinctive disc-like shape, widely cherished for roasting and caramelizing.

An editorial-style hero shot of a Texas Sweet onion from the taxonomy onions.

Texas Sweet onion

Texas Sweet onion is a group of Allium cepa cultivars known for their mild, sweet flavor and pale yellow skin, prized for fresh consumption and large bulb size.

An editorial-style hero shot of a Kelsae onion from the taxonomy onions.

Kelsae onion

The Kelsae onion is a distinguished exhibition variety of Allium cepa, prized for its exceptionally large globe-shaped bulbs and mild, sweet flavor.

An editorial-style hero shot of a Red Creole onion from the taxonomy onions.

Red Creole onion

The Red Creole onion is a short-day, red-skinned cultivar of Allium cepa known for its pungent flavor, firm flattened-globe bulbs, and adaptability to warm climates.

An editorial-style hero shot of a Creole onion from the taxonomy onions.

Creole onion

The Creole onion is a distinctive cultivar of Allium cepa adapted to warm climates, recognized for its red to reddish-brown skin, strong pungent flavor, and medium-sized, flattened-globe shaped bulbs.

An editorial-style hero shot of a Granex onion from the taxonomy onions.

Granex onion

The Granex onion is a sweet, short-day cultivar group of Allium cepa known for its flattened bulbs and mild, high-sugar flavor, serving as the genetic foundation for famous regional sweet onions like Vidalia and Maui.

An editorial-style hero shot of a Stuttgarter onion from the taxonomy onions.

Stuttgarter Onion

The Stuttgarter Onion is a traditional European storage onion variety known for its flat, globe-shaped bulbs, yellow-brown skin, and strong pungent flavor, widely cultivated in Germany and Central Europe.

An editorial-style hero shot of a Pukekohe Longkeeper onion from the taxonomy onions.

Pukekohe Longkeeper onion

The Pukekohe Longkeeper onion is a New Zealand cultivar of Allium cepa, prized for its yellow-brown skin and remarkable ability to store fresh and firm for up to 8–10 months.

An editorial-style hero shot of a Green onion from the taxonomy onions.

Green Onion

Green onion refers to the immature stage of Allium cepa, harvested before the bulb fully develops, featuring long slender green stalks and a mild flavor prized in many culinary traditions.

An editorial-style hero shot of a Spanish onion from the taxonomy onions.

Spanish onion

The Spanish onion is a large, mild-flavored cultivar of Allium cepa, known for its low pungency and high moisture content, commonly used both raw and cooked in a variety of dishes.

An editorial-style hero shot of a Red onion from the taxonomy onions.

Red onion

Red onion is a widely cultivated variety of Allium cepa, recognized for its distinctive purplish-red skin and mildly sweet, crisp white flesh tinged with red or purple.

An editorial-style hero shot of a Pearl onion from the taxonomy onions.

Pearl Onion

Pearl onions are small, round bulbs of Allium cepa, typically white, yellow, or red, valued for their mild flavor and tender texture, commonly used whole in cooking and pickling.

An editorial-style hero shot of a Bombay Red onion from the taxonomy onions.

Bombay Red onion

Bombay Red onion is a red-skinned onion variety from India, recognized for its pungent flavor, medium to large globe-shaped bulbs, and strong adaptability to tropical climates.

An editorial-style hero shot of a Hylander onion from the taxonomy onions.

Hylander F1 onion

The Hylander F1 onion is a commercially important hybrid cultivar of Allium cepa, prized for its yellow-brown skin, strong disease resistance, and excellent storage qualities.

An editorial-style hero shot of a Ebenezer onion from the taxonomy onions.

Ebenezer onion

The Ebenezer onion is a historic yellow storage onion cultivar known for its round shape, pungent flavor, and dependable long-term storage qualities.

An editorial-style hero shot of a Jaune Paille des Vertus onion from the taxonomy onions.

Jaune Paille des Vertus

The Jaune Paille des Vertus is a traditional French heirloom onion known for its straw-yellow skin, flattened-globe shaped bulbs, and firm white flesh, prized for its reliable storage and classic culinary uses.

An editorial-style hero shot of a Bermuda onion from the taxonomy onions.

Bermuda onion

The Bermuda onion is a mild-flavored, historically important onion variety recognized for its large, flattened bulbs and pale yellow to white skin, valued for its culinary versatility and distinctive appearance.

An editorial-style hero shot of a Spring onion from the taxonomy onions.

Spring onion

Spring onion refers to young Allium cepa plants harvested before full bulb formation, featuring slender white bases and green hollow leaves, prized for their mild flavor and versatility in both raw and cooked dishes.

An editorial-style hero shot of a Scallion from the taxonomy onions.

Scallion

Scallions are immature onions characterized by their long, slender green stalks and minimal to no bulb formation, prized worldwide for their mild flavor and culinary versatility.

An editorial-style hero shot of a Tropea onion from the taxonomy onions.

Tropea onion

The Tropea onion is a distinctive red onion variety known for its elongated bulbs, vibrant purple-red skin, and exceptionally sweet, mild flavor, prized both fresh and cooked.

An editorial-style hero shot of a Ailsa Craig onion from the taxonomy onions.

Ailsa Craig onion

The Ailsa Craig onion is a large, globe-shaped yellow onion cultivar celebrated for its mild flavor and impressive size, widely favored in the United Kingdom and beyond.

An editorial-style hero shot of a Rossa di Milano onion from the taxonomy onions.

Rossa di Milano onion

The Rossa di Milano onion is an Italian heirloom variety known for its deep red skin and slightly flattened round bulbs, prized for fresh use and reliable storage.

An editorial-style hero shot of a Maui onion from the taxonomy onions.

Maui onion

The Maui onion is a specialty sweet onion cultivar known for its exceptionally mild flavor, high sugar content, and pale yellow skin, prized both locally in Hawaii and on the U.S. mainland.

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