The Maori octopus (Octopus maorum) is a large, muscular octopus species native to the coastal waters of New Zealand and southern Australia, recognized for its striking reddish-brown skin adorned with white spots and impressive arm span exceeding two meters.
Octopus maorum was first scientifically described in 1880 by Hutton, based on specimens collected in New Zealand. It has since been established as a prominent species within Australasian marine ecosystems, particularly in rocky reef and soft-bottom habitats.
This species belongs to the order Octopoda, family Octopodidae, and genus Octopus. It is part of the broader cephalopod class, which includes squids and cuttlefish, but is distinguished by its eight arms and benthic lifestyle.
The Maori octopus features a robust, muscular body with a mantle length up to 40 cm and arms that can span over 2 meters. Its skin is typically reddish-brown with prominent white spots, and it can rapidly change color and texture for camouflage or communication. Each arm is lined with two rows of suckers, enhancing its grip and dexterity.
This species is solitary and benthic, dwelling mainly on rocky reefs, kelp forests, and sandy or muddy substrates. It is an active predator, feeding on crustaceans, mollusks, fish, and occasionally other cephalopods. Known for its intelligence, the Maori octopus exhibits notable problem-solving skills and adaptability in its environment.
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Buy ShirtLocally known as "wheke" in the Māori language, the Maori octopus holds cultural importance in New Zealand and southern Australia. While not a major commercial species, it features in regional traditions and is occasionally used as bait in rock lobster fisheries.
The Maori octopus is native to the coastal waters of New Zealand and southern Australia. It occupies a range of habitats including rocky reefs, kelp forests, and sandy or muddy sea floors. This species is found from shallow intertidal zones down to depths of around 200 meters, adapting well to diverse benthic environments.
Renowned for its intelligence, the Maori octopus demonstrates advanced problem-solving abilities and behavioral flexibility. Like other octopuses, it uses its keen senses and dexterous arms to explore, hunt, and interact with its environment, showcasing complex cognition uncommon among invertebrates.
To evade predators, the Maori octopus employs rapid color and texture changes that allow it to blend seamlessly into its surroundings. It can also expel ink to create a smokescreen, enabling quick escapes. Its strong arms and agility further aid in defense and retreat.
The Maori octopus has a relatively short lifespan of 2 to 3 years. It is solitary and reproduces through a single mating event, after which females lay eggs and tend them until hatching. The young emerge as miniature adults, beginning their benthic life soon after.
Currently, the Maori octopus has no formal conservation status and is not assessed by the IUCN. While not heavily targeted by fisheries, it faces potential threats from habitat disturbance and bycatch. Its populations appear stable, but ongoing monitoring is advisable given its ecological role and regional significance.
